Here's a breakdown of the typical soil layers:

* Topsoil: This is the uppermost layer, rich in organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms. It's where plants grow best.

* Subsoil: This layer is denser and less fertile than topsoil. It contains less organic matter but has more minerals. It's often a mix of clay, silt, and sand.

* Parent Material: This is the layer beneath the subsoil, from which the soil is derived. It could be bedrock, glacial deposits, or other materials.

Let me know if you have any other soil-related questions!