1. Parent Material: This is the foundation of the soil, the rock or mineral that is broken down over time. Bedrock is formed from the solid, unweathered rock, while subsoil develops from the weathered, broken-down parent material.
2. Weathering: This is the process that breaks down the parent material. It can be physical (like freezing and thawing, wind erosion), chemical (like acid rain dissolving minerals), or biological (like plant roots breaking up rocks). Weathering is essential for turning bedrock into soil and shaping the subsoil's characteristics.
Therefore, bedrock and subsoil form through the interaction of parent material and weathering.
