The gases that surround Earth are collectively called the atmosphere. The major components of Earth's atmosphere are:

1. Nitrogen (N2): Makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, and is essential for life.

2. Oxygen (O2): Makes up about 21% of the atmosphere, and is crucial for respiration.

3. Argon (Ar): Makes up about 0.93% of the atmosphere, and is an inert gas.

4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Makes up about 0.04% of the atmosphere, and is a greenhouse gas that plays a role in regulating Earth's temperature.

Other trace gases in the atmosphere include:

* Neon (Ne)

* Helium (He)

* Krypton (Kr)

* Xenon (Xe)

* Hydrogen (H2)

* Ozone (O3)

* Methane (CH4)

* Nitrous oxide (N2O)

* Water vapor (H2O)

The composition of the atmosphere varies with altitude. The lower atmosphere (troposphere) contains most of the water vapor and clouds, while the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

It's important to note that the atmospheric composition is constantly changing due to natural processes and human activities. For example, human activities are leading to an increase in carbon dioxide levels, which is contributing to climate change.