1. Earthquakes: These occur when tectonic plates shift and grind against each other, releasing immense energy in the form of seismic waves.

2. Tsunamis: These massive waves are often triggered by underwater earthquakes, which can displace vast amounts of water.

3. Volcanic Eruptions: When tectonic plates collide, one can slide beneath the other (subduction). This can cause molten rock (magma) to rise to the surface, leading to volcanic eruptions.