Luray Caverns is primarily known for its calcium carbonate formations. These formations, also known as speleothems, are created over thousands of years by the slow precipitation of dissolved calcium carbonate from groundwater. Some of the common types of formations found in Luray Caverns include:

* Stalactites: These are icicle-like formations that hang from the ceiling of the cave.

* Stalagmites: These formations rise from the floor of the cave, often directly beneath a stalactite.

* Columns: When a stalactite and stalagmite grow together, they form a column.

* Flowstone: This type of formation resembles a flowing waterfall, and is often found on the cave walls.

* Drapery: This is a type of flowstone that drapes over a rock surface.

* Helicites: These formations are twisted or curved, and can resemble a corkscrew or a spiral.

The bedrock of Luray Caverns is Cambrian-age dolomite, a type of sedimentary rock that is rich in calcium carbonate. The dolomite is overlain by Ordovician-age shale and sandstone, which are also sedimentary rocks.

Therefore, the primary minerals found in Luray Caverns are calcite (CaCO3), the mineral form of calcium carbonate, and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), the mineral form of calcium magnesium carbonate. Other minerals may also be present in trace amounts, but the vast majority of formations are made up of calcite and dolomite.