Surface Features:
* Sinkholes (or dolines): These are depressions in the ground formed when the underlying rock dissolves. They can be small and shallow, or large and deep.
* Caves: Formed by the dissolution of rock along fractures and joints. They can range in size from small crevices to vast underground networks.
* Karren: Grooves, furrows, and other small-scale features etched into the surface of exposed rock by dissolving rainwater.
* Poljes: Large, flat-bottomed valleys often found in karst areas. They are typically drained by sinkholes or underground streams.
* Uvalas: Large, elongated depressions formed by the coalescence of multiple sinkholes.
* Dry valleys: Valleys that once carried surface streams but are now dry because the water has drained underground.
* Tower karst: Isolated, conical hills or peaks formed by the dissolution of limestone in humid tropical climates.
Underground Features:
* Underground streams: Rivers and streams that flow through caves and other underground passages.
* Speleothems: Rock formations found inside caves, such as stalactites (hanging from the ceiling), stalagmites (rising from the floor), and columns (formed when stalactites and stalagmites meet).
* Caverns: Large, open underground chambers.
Other Characteristics:
* Lack of surface drainage: Karst areas often have limited surface drainage because the water infiltrates the ground through sinkholes and fissures.
* Unique vegetation: Karst areas may support unique plant communities adapted to the dry conditions and limited soil.
These landforms are all interconnected and contribute to the overall unique appearance of a karst landscape.
