Tundra:

* Definition: A treeless biome found in the Arctic and on high mountaintops. It is characterized by permafrost (permanently frozen ground), low temperatures, and short growing seasons.

* Example: The Arctic tundra in northern Canada and Russia.

Mesa:

* Definition: A flat-topped hill with steep sides. Mesas are often formed by erosion, leaving a resistant layer of rock at the top.

* Example: Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado, USA.

Strait:

* Definition: A narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

* Example: The Strait of Gibraltar, connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

Plateau:

* Definition: A large, relatively flat area of land that stands above the surrounding terrain. Plateaus can be formed by volcanic activity or by erosion.

* Example: The Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States.

Bight:

* Definition: A large, open curve or recess in a coastline.

* Example: The Chesapeake Bay in the eastern United States.

Island:

* Definition: A piece of land surrounded by water. Islands can be formed by volcanic activity, erosion, or tectonic shifts.

* Example: The island of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.

Gulf:

* Definition: A large body of water that is partly enclosed by land. Gulfs are often larger and deeper than bays.

* Example: The Gulf of Mexico, located in North America.