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  • Understanding Mafic Magma and the Formation of Dark Igneous Rocks
    Dense, heavy, dark-colored igneous rocks form from mafic magma.

    Here's why:

    * Mafic magma is rich in magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe). These elements create dark-colored minerals like pyroxene and olivine.

    * Mafic magma is also relatively high in silica content, but not as high as felsic magma. This creates denser, heavier rocks.

    Examples of mafic igneous rocks include:

    * Basalt: A common extrusive (volcanic) rock that forms from quickly cooled lava flows.

    * Gabbro: An intrusive (plutonic) rock that forms from slowly cooled magma deep underground.

    In contrast:

    * Felsic magma is rich in silica and lighter elements like sodium and potassium, resulting in lighter-colored, less dense igneous rocks like granite and rhyolite.

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