1. Cementation: This is the primary way particles in sedimentary rocks bind. Minerals dissolved in groundwater precipitate between the particles, acting like glue. Common cements include calcite, quartz, and iron oxides.
2. Compaction: As layers of sediment accumulate, the weight of the overlying layers presses down on the lower layers. This pressure squeezes out water and air, forcing the particles closer together. This compaction helps to bind the particles, although it's less strong than cementation.
