* Granite/Rhyolite: Granite is an intrusive igneous rock that forms deep underground. Rhyolite is the extrusive equivalent, forming from quickly cooling lava on the surface.
* Diorite/Andesite: Diorite is an intrusive rock, and andesite is its extrusive counterpart.
* Gabbro/Basalt: Gabbro is intrusive, and basalt is extrusive.
The key difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks lies in their cooling rates:
* Intrusive Rocks: Cool slowly beneath the Earth's surface, allowing for larger crystals to form.
* Extrusive Rocks: Cool rapidly at the surface, resulting in smaller crystals or even a glassy texture.
While the chemical composition of the magma/lava is generally similar, the cooling process leads to different crystal sizes and textures, resulting in different rock types.
