* Pedalfer soils are found in humid climates with significant rainfall.
* Leaching is the process where water percolates through the soil, dissolving and carrying away minerals.
* In pedalfer soils, this leaching process is very strong, removing most of the calcium and magnesium from the upper layers.
* The remaining minerals are primarily iron and aluminum oxides, giving pedalfer soils their reddish-brown or yellowish-brown color.
Other key features of pedalfer formation include:
* High organic matter content: The humid conditions support abundant plant life, leading to a buildup of organic matter in the topsoil.
* Clay accumulation: While calcium and magnesium are leached, clay particles can be transported downward and accumulate in the B horizon.
* Acidic conditions: The leaching process often leads to a decrease in pH, making the soil more acidic.
In contrast to pedalfer soils, pedocal soils found in drier climates:
* Have less leaching.
* Are rich in calcium carbonate.
* Are typically alkaline.
