O Horizon: This is the uppermost layer, composed of organic matter such as leaves, twigs, and decomposing plant and animal remains.
A Horizon: Also known as topsoil, this layer is a mixture of minerals and organic matter. It's where most plant roots grow.
E Horizon: This layer is found in some soils, particularly those in humid climates. It's characterized by the leaching of minerals and organic matter, leaving behind a lighter color.
B Horizon: This layer is often called the subsoil. It's richer in minerals than the A horizon and may have a different texture, such as clay.
C Horizon: This layer is composed of partially weathered parent material, from which the soil above it formed.
R Horizon: This is the bedrock layer, the unweathered parent material.
It's important to note that not all soils have all of these horizons. Some soils might be missing certain horizons, while others might have more than one of the same horizon.
This is a simplified description, and the specifics of soil horizons can vary greatly depending on the location and environmental factors.
