* O Horizon: The uppermost layer, composed of organic matter like leaves, twigs, and decomposing plant and animal material.
* A Horizon: This is the topsoil, rich in minerals and nutrients, often dark in color.
* E Horizon: Also known as the "eluviated horizon," it's a layer where minerals have been leached out due to water movement. It's often lighter in color than the A horizon.
* B Horizon: The subsoil, where minerals and organic matter accumulate. It's usually denser than the A horizon.
* C Horizon: The least weathered layer, it's made up of partially broken-down bedrock.
Important Note: Not all soils have all five horizons. Some soils may only have a few, or they might be missing certain horizons entirely.
