The Great Pyramid of Giza is primarily constructed from limestone, specifically Tura limestone, a white, fine-grained variety. This limestone was quarried from the eastern bank of the Nile River, about 10 km (6.2 mi) away from the pyramid site.

While limestone forms the vast majority of the pyramid, there are also some granite components, primarily used in the chambers, passageways, and relieving chambers above the King's Chamber. These granite components were quarried from the Aswan region, over 800 km (500 mi) south of the pyramid. The granite used in the pyramid is a variety called Aswan granite, known for its strength and durability.

Other minor components:

* Basalt: Used in some of the internal passages and in the foundation layer of the pyramid.

* Quartzite: A very hard rock found in the casing stones of the pyramid.

It's important to note that while these are the main types of rocks used, there are also traces of other minerals like feldspar, mica, and hornblende within the limestone and granite, contributing to their varied colors and textures.