1. Weathering: This is the breakdown of rocks, soil, and minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

* Physical weathering: Mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces, such as from:

* Frost wedging: Water freezing in cracks and expanding, breaking the rock.

* Abrasion: Rocks rubbing against each other, such as in a river.

* Root wedging: Plant roots growing into cracks and splitting the rock.

* Chemical weathering: Breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions, such as:

* Dissolution: Acids in rainwater dissolving minerals in rocks.

* Oxidation: Minerals reacting with oxygen, like the rusting of iron.

* Hydrolysis: Water reacting with minerals to form new substances.

2. Erosion: This is the process of moving weathered rock and sediment from one place to another.

* Wind erosion: Wind picks up and carries away loose sediments.

* Water erosion: Rivers, streams, and waves carry away eroded material.

* Glacial erosion: Massive ice sheets carve out valleys and transport rocks.

* Gravity erosion: Landslides and mudflows move material downhill.

These processes work together to change the landscape over time, shaping mountains, creating valleys, and shaping the Earth's surface as we know it.