Here's a breakdown:
* Sediment: Loose particles of rock, minerals, and organic matter that have been weathered and transported.
* Lithification: The process by which sediment is transformed into solid rock. This involves compaction (pressure squeezing out water) and cementation (minerals crystallizing between sediment grains).
Some common examples of sedimentary rocks include:
* Sandstone: Formed from cemented sand grains.
* Limestone: Formed from the accumulation of shells and other marine organisms.
* Shale: Formed from compacted clay and silt.
* Conglomerate: Formed from cemented gravel and pebbles.
