* Sedimentation: The process begins with tiny particles of rock, sand, clay, or even the remains of plants and animals (fossils). These particles are called sediments.
* Deposition: These sediments are carried by wind, water, or ice and eventually settle in a new location, often in layers.
* Compaction: As more and more sediment layers build up, the weight of the layers above presses down on the lower layers, squeezing out water and air. This process is called compaction.
* Cementation: Dissolved minerals in the water between the sediment particles crystallize and act like glue, binding the particles together. This process is called cementation.
The result: Over millions of years, compaction and cementation transform the loose sediment into a solid, hardened rock called sedimentary rock.
Some common types of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
