Landforms Created by Wave Action:
* Beaches: The most obvious! Waves deposit sand and sediment along the coastline, forming beaches.
* Sea Cliffs: Waves erode the coastline, creating steep cliffs.
* Sea Caves: Waves carve out hollows in the cliffs, forming caves.
* Sea Stacks: When sea caves erode through the cliff face, isolated rock formations are left standing.
* Headlands and Bays: Resistant rock formations (headlands) jut out into the sea, while softer rock is eroded by waves, forming bays.
* Tombolos: A ridge of sand or gravel connecting an island or a rock to the mainland.
* Spits: A narrow strip of land extending from the mainland, usually formed by longshore drift.
* Sandbars: Submerged or partially submerged ridges of sand parallel to the coast.
Landforms Created by Glaciers:
* Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions carved out by glacial erosion at the head of a valley.
* Aretes: Sharp, jagged ridges that separate two cirques.
* Peaks: Pointed mountain summits formed by the intersection of several aretes.
* U-shaped Valleys: Valleys carved by glaciers, with a characteristic "U" shape.
* Hanging Valleys: Smaller valleys that meet a main valley at a higher elevation, often with a waterfall.
* Fjords: Steep-sided inlets formed by glaciers that have retreated from the sea.
* Moraines: Deposits of rock and sediment left behind by glaciers:
* Lateral moraines: Deposits along the sides of a glacier.
* Terminal moraines: Deposits at the end of a glacier.
* Medial moraines: Deposits formed when two glaciers merge.
* Drumlins: Elongated hills of till (glacial sediment) shaped by glacial erosion.
* Eskers: Long, winding ridges of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater flowing beneath a glacier.
Important Note: While glaciers erode and sculpt the landscape, they also deposit material, creating a variety of landforms.
