Here's a breakdown:
* Mineral Composition: The types of minerals present in an igneous rock are determined by the chemical composition of the magma or lava from which it formed. Different minerals crystallize at different temperatures, so the cooling history of the rock plays a role.
* Texture: Texture refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of the mineral crystals within the rock. This is heavily influenced by how quickly the magma or lava cooled:
* Intrusive Rocks: Formed from magma that cools slowly underground. They have larger crystals (phaneritic texture) because the minerals have more time to grow.
* Extrusive Rocks: Formed from lava that cools quickly on the surface. They have smaller crystals (aphanitic texture) or even glassy textures due to the rapid cooling.
Let me know if you'd like to know more about specific types of igneous rocks!
