1. Meanders: These are winding curves in a river's course. They form as the river erodes the outer bank of a bend, where water flows faster, and deposits sediment on the inner bank, where the flow is slower.
2. Oxbow Lakes: These are crescent-shaped lakes that form when a meander is cut off from the main river channel. This happens when erosion causes the meander to become very tight, and the river eventually cuts through the narrow neck of land.
3. Canyons and Gorges: These are deep, narrow valleys that are formed by a river cutting down through rock over a long period of time. The Colorado River's Grand Canyon is a famous example.
4. Waterfalls: These occur when a river flows over a steep drop in elevation. The water's force erodes the softer rock below, creating a plunge pool, while the harder rock above forms the waterfall.
5. River Terraces: These are step-like features that form along a river valley as the river erodes downward. They can indicate past levels of the river, and can be used to study the history of erosion and climate change.
