1. Quartz (SiO2): Found in many igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It's known for its hardness and glassy luster.

2. Feldspar (various compositions): The most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. It comes in various forms, including orthoclase and plagioclase, and is often found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

3. Mica (various compositions): Known for its perfect cleavage, meaning it splits into thin sheets. Common varieties include biotite (dark) and muscovite (light). Found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.

4. Calcite (CaCO3): The main component of limestone and marble. It's also found in some igneous and metamorphic rocks. It reacts with acid, making it easily identifiable.

5. Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4: A green mineral found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, and sometimes in metamorphic rocks. It's an important component of the Earth's mantle.