So, "geology" itself literally means the study of the Earth.
Here are some examples of how "-logy" is used in geology:
* Petrology: The study of rocks
* Stratigraphy: The study of rock layers
* Paleontology: The study of fossils
* Mineralogy: The study of minerals
* Geomorphology: The study of landforms
* Seismology: The study of earthquakes
* Volcanology: The study of volcanoes
Essentially, any word ending in "-logy" in geology refers to a specific branch or area of study within the field.