1. Weathering: This is the breakdown of existing rocks (igneous, metamorphic, or even other sedimentary rocks) into smaller fragments. Weathering can be physical (like freezing/thawing or abrasion) or chemical (like dissolution or oxidation). This process creates the raw materials for sedimentary rocks.
2. Erosion and Transportation: Once broken down, these rock fragments are moved from their original location by agents like wind, water, or ice. This process can further break down the fragments and sort them by size and density.
3. Deposition and Lithification: The transported sediments eventually settle and accumulate in a new location, often in layers. Over time, these layers are compacted by the weight of overlying sediments and cemented together by minerals dissolved in groundwater. This process is called lithification, and it transforms loose sediments into solid rock.
