* Oxygen (O): The most abundant element in the mantle, making up around 44% of its mass.
* Silicon (Si): The second most abundant element, accounting for roughly 21% of the mantle's mass.
* Magnesium (Mg): A significant component, comprising about 23% of the mantle's mass.
* Iron (Fe): Present at around 5.5%, contributing to the Earth's magnetic field.
* Calcium (Ca): Found at about 2.3% of the mantle's mass.
* Aluminum (Al): Present at around 2.4% of the mantle's mass.
These elements combine to form various silicate minerals, with olivine and pyroxene being the most common.
It's important to note that the exact composition of the mantle can vary slightly depending on depth and location.
