Here's a breakdown:
* Coccolithophores: These microscopic algae have hard, calcium carbonate plates called coccoliths that surround their cells. When they die, these coccoliths settle to the ocean floor.
* Foraminifera: These single-celled animals also have calcium carbonate shells. Their shells accumulate along with the coccoliths.
* Over time: The accumulation of these tiny fossils, along with other calcium carbonate material, forms thick layers on the ocean floor.
* Lithification: Through pressure and chemical reactions, these layers are cemented together, forming chalk.
So, the next time you see a piece of chalk, remember that you are holding billions of tiny fossils in your hand!