* The Sierra Madre Mountains: This mountain range runs through the western part of Mesoamerica, providing a rugged backbone to the region. It includes the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental, which create dramatic landscapes and influence climate patterns.

* The Central Plateau: This plateau stretches across the middle of Mesoamerica, offering fertile land for agriculture and creating a cultural hub for many ancient civilizations. It is located between the Sierra Madre mountains and the coastal lowlands.

These two landforms, along with the surrounding lowlands, coastlines, and volcanic regions, create a diverse and fascinating geography that shaped the history and culture of Mesoamerica.