1. Igneous rocks: Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma (molten rock) or lava. Examples include granite, basalt, and obsidian.
2. Sedimentary rocks: Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which are fragments of other rocks, minerals, or organic materials. Examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
3. Metamorphic rocks: Formed when existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks) are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Examples include marble, slate, and gneiss.
The rock cycle is a continuous process where these three types of rocks transform into one another over time.
