1. Mining: This involves extracting rocks and minerals from the earth through various techniques like surface mining (e.g., open-pit mining, strip mining) and underground mining (e.g., shaft mining, room and pillar mining). This method is used for extracting large quantities of valuable materials.
2. Quarrying: This involves extracting rocks and minerals from near the surface of the earth. This method is used for extracting building materials like granite, limestone, and marble.
