The sedimentary rock formed when dissolved minerals are left behind from an evaporated solution is called evaporite.

Here's why:

* Evaporation: As water evaporates, the concentration of dissolved minerals increases.

* Saturation: Eventually, the solution becomes saturated, meaning it can't hold any more dissolved minerals.

* Precipitation: The excess minerals precipitate out of the solution and crystallize, forming solid deposits.

Common examples of evaporites include:

* Halite (rock salt): Formed from the evaporation of seawater.

* Gypsum: Another common evaporite formed from the evaporation of seawater or inland lakes.

* Anhydrite: Similar to gypsum, but formed under hotter, drier conditions.

* Potash: Contains potassium salts, important for fertilizers.

Let me know if you'd like more information about any of these evaporites!