1. Igneous Rocks:
* Magma/Lava: Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma) beneath the Earth's surface or lava on the surface.
* Intrusive Igneous Rocks: Magma cools slowly underground, resulting in large crystals (e.g., granite).
* Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Lava cools quickly on the surface, resulting in small crystals (e.g., basalt).
2. Sedimentary Rocks:
* Weathering and Erosion: Igneous rocks (and other rocks) are broken down into smaller pieces by wind, water, and ice.
* Transportation and Deposition: These fragments are transported by wind, water, or ice and deposited in layers.
* Compaction and Cementation: Over time, the layers are pressed together (compacted) and glued together by minerals (cemented), forming sedimentary rocks (e.g., sandstone, limestone).
3. Metamorphic Rocks:
* Heat and Pressure: Existing igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks are transformed by intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth.
* Recrystallization: The minerals within the rock rearrange and change form, creating metamorphic rocks (e.g., marble, slate).
Important Points:
* The cycle is continuous: Rocks are constantly being transformed from one type to another.
* The order isn't strict: A metamorphic rock can be weathered and eroded to form sedimentary rock, or an igneous rock can be buried and become metamorphic.
Let me know if you'd like a diagram or a more detailed explanation of the Rock Cycle!