Intrusive (formed underground)
* Granite: Light-colored, coarse-grained, composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Common in mountains and used for building materials.
* Diorite: Intermediate in color between granite and gabbro, also coarse-grained, often with visible feldspar crystals.
* Gabbro: Dark-colored, coarse-grained, rich in plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene.
* Peridotite: Very dark, dense, and coarse-grained, made up of olivine and pyroxene. Found deep in the Earth's mantle.
Extrusive (formed on the surface)
* Basalt: Dark-colored, fine-grained, often with a glassy texture. Common in volcanic flows.
* Rhyolite: Light-colored, fine-grained, often with a glassy or porphyritic texture.
* Andesite: Intermediate in color, fine-grained, often with a porphyritic texture (larger crystals embedded in a finer-grained matrix).
* Obsidian: Black, glassy, very smooth. Forms when lava cools rapidly.
* Pumice: Light-colored, very porous, often floats on water. Forms from frothy lava.
Other Notable Igneous Rocks:
* Pegmatite: Very coarse-grained, with crystals that can be several inches or even feet long. Often rich in rare minerals.
* Scoria: Dark-colored, porous, often with a rough texture. Forms from gas bubbles in lava.
* Tuff: A rock formed from compacted volcanic ash.
* Kimberlite: A rare, ultramafic rock that often contains diamonds.
These are just a few examples, and there are many other types of igneous rocks. The specific type of igneous rock is determined by the composition of the magma or lava that it formed from, as well as the conditions under which it cooled and solidified.
