There isn't one specific mountain range that definitively separates Europe and the Middle East. The border between the two regions is a cultural and geographical concept rather than a clearly defined physical boundary.

Here's why:

* Political and Cultural Overlap: The regions have historically intertwined and the borders have shifted over time.

* Geography: The border stretches across various landforms, including:

* The Caucasus Mountains: Often considered a part of the border, but some parts of the Caucasus are within Europe and some within Asia.

* The Pontic Mountains: Located in Turkey, often considered part of the Middle East, but some scholars see them as a part of Europe.

* The Taurus Mountains: Also located in Turkey, mostly considered part of the Middle East.

* The Anatolian Plateau: A vast plateau in Turkey, often included in the Middle East but shares similarities with Europe.

Instead of a single mountain range, consider the border as a complex blend of geography, history, and culture.