The 8 most common elements in Earth's crust, in order of abundance, are:

1. Oxygen (O)

2. Silicon (Si)

3. Aluminum (Al)

4. Iron (Fe)

5. Calcium (Ca)

6. Sodium (Na)

7. Potassium (K)

8. Magnesium (Mg)

These elements, along with smaller amounts of other elements, make up the rocks, minerals, and soils that form Earth's solid outer layer.