A crag is a rugged, steep, or rocky outcrop of land, typically made of exposed bedrock. Crags are often found on the sides of mountains or in valleys, and can range in size from a few meters to several hundred meters in height. Cliffs, on the other hand, are steep, vertical, or nearly vertical faces of rock or earth, typically forming the edge of a plateau, mountain, or coastline. Cliffs can be tens or even hundreds of meters high, and can be composed of various types of rock or soil, including sandstone, limestone, chalk, and granite.

Here is a table summarizing the key differences between crags and cliffs:

| Feature | Crag | Cliff |

|---|---|---|

| Shape | Rugged, steep, or rocky outcrop | Steep, vertical, or nearly vertical face |

| Size | Can range from a few meters to several hundred meters in height | Can be tens or even hundreds of meters high |

| Composition | Often composed of exposed bedrock | Can be composed of various types of rock or soil |

| Location | Often found on the sides of mountains or in valleys | Typically form the edge of a plateau, mountain, or coastline |

It's worth noting that the terms "crag" and "cliff" can sometimes be used interchangeably, and the distinction between them may not be always clear-cut. However, in general, crags tend to be smaller in size and have a more rugged appearance, while cliffs are typically larger and more vertical in nature.