1. Mountain ranges: When two tectonic plates collide, the denser plate is forced beneath the less dense plate. This process, known as subduction, causes the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, creating mountain ranges.

2. Oceanic trenches: Oceanic trenches are deep, narrow valleys that form when one tectonic plate subducts beneath another. The deepest oceanic trench in the world is the Mariana Trench, which is located in the western Pacific Ocean and has a maximum depth of almost 11,000 meters (36,000 feet).

3. Mid-ocean ridges: Mid-ocean ridges are long, underwater mountain ranges that form when two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates move apart, magma rises from the Earth's mantle and erupts onto the ocean floor. This process creates new oceanic crust, which is added to the edges of the separating plates.

4. Volcanic islands: Volcanic islands are formed when magma from the Earth's mantle erupts onto the ocean floor and builds up to create an island. Volcanic islands are often found near mid-ocean ridges, where the Earth's crust is thin and the mantle is closer to the surface.

5. Fault lines: Fault lines are fractures in the Earth's crust where rocks have broken and moved. Fault lines can be caused by a variety of factors, including plate movement, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions. When rocks along a fault line move, it can cause an earthquake.