The soils of Nebraska vary dramatically across the state, reflecting differences in climate, vegetation, and geology. In general, the soils of Nebraska can be grouped into three broad categories:

Mollisols: These are the dominant soils in Nebraska and cover the eastern two-thirds of the state. Mollisols are characterized by a thick, dark surface layer rich in organic matter. They are typically fertile and well-suited for agriculture.

Alfisols: These soils are found in the southeastern and south-central parts of Nebraska. Alfisols have a less developed surface layer than Mollisols and are often acidic. They are still relatively fertile, but they require more management to maintain their productivity.

Aridisols: These soils are found in the western third of Nebraska, where the climate is drier. Aridisols have a low content of organic matter and are often alkaline. They are generally not as fertile as the other two soil types and are often used for grazing or dryland farming.