Shallow focus earthquakes occur within the first 70 kilometers (43 miles) of the Earth's surface. This zone is known as the crust. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock. Shallow focus earthquakes are the most common type of earthquake and can cause significant damage and loss of life. Some notable shallow focus earthquakes include the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, and the 1994 Northridge earthquake.