The mantle makes up about 84% of Earth's volume and 68% of its mass. It is located between the crust and the outer core and is composed of solid rock. The temperature of the mantle ranges from about 1,000 degrees Celsius at the top to about 3,700 degrees Celsius at the bottom. The mantle is convecting, which means that hot rock rises and cooler rock sinks. This convection is what drives the movement of the tectonic plates on the Earth's surface.