- Weathering: This is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical processes such as freezing and thawing, abrasion, and pressure.

- Erosion: This is the process by which weathered rock particles are transported from one place to another by wind, water, or ice.

- Deposition: This is the process by which eroded rock particles are deposited in new locations, forming sedimentary rocks.

- Lithification: This is the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented together to form solid rock.