- Frankincense: This resin from Boswellia trees was highly valued and burned during religious ceremonies and other important occasions.
- Myrrh: Another aromatic resin, myrrh was used in incense and oils, as well as in cosmetics.
- Lotus: The fragrant flowers of the lotus plant were used in perfume, unguents, and as offerings to the gods.
- Cinnamon: This spice was imported from South and Southeast Asia and was used in incense and ointment.
- Nutmeg: This aromatic spice was also imported and used in incense and unguents.
- Coriander: The seeds of the coriander plant were used in incense, unguents, and as a flavoring agent.
- Styrax: This resin from the Turkish styrax tree was used as a fixative in perfume and as incense.
- Saffron: This spice derived from the crocus flower was used in perfume, incense, and as a dye.
- Rose: Rosewater and oils were used in cosmetics, unguents, and incense.
- Cedarwood: The fragrant wood of the cedar tree was used to make furniture and other objects, as well as to produce essential oils.
