As the oceanic plate descends, it experiences incredibly high temperatures and pressures within the Earth's interior. Carbon-rich sediments on the seafloor, primarily composed of organic material from marine organisms, undergo extreme metamorphic conditions over millions of years. These conditions transform the carbon atoms into stable, crystalline structures of diamond.
The high-pressure and high-temperature environment, akin to a giant natural rock-melting furnace, causes the rearrangement of carbon atoms into more compact and rigid diamond crystals. These diamonds can eventually be brought back to the Earth's surface through various geological processes, such as deep volcanic eruptions or tectonic plate movements.
Diamonds that originate from the subduction of oceanic plates are known as "marine diamonds" or "subduction zone diamonds." While the primary source of diamonds is generally regarded as rocks such as peridotite found deep within the Earth's mantle, some marine diamonds may contribute to the overall global diamond supply.