Genetic data suggests that both men and women contributed to the migration of people from the Pontic steppe into Europe that occurred around 5,000 years ago. While specific details can vary depending on the study and region being analyzed, ancient DNA evidence indicates gene flow and interaction between steppe pastoralist groups and local European populations.

Here's a general outline of the genetic findings:

Y-chromosome studies:

Y-chromosomes are passed down from father to son and can provide insights into paternal lineages. Studies of Y-chromosome haplogroups (groups that share a recent common male ancestor) have found that haplogroups associated with the Pontic steppe ancestry increased in frequency in Europe during the Bronze Age. This indicates the presence of male migrants from the steppe.

Mitochondrial DNA studies:

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is passed down from mother to all children (both male and female) and can reveal maternal lineages. Studies of mtDNA haplogroups have also shown an increase in steppe-related haplogroups in Europe, suggesting that women from the steppe also contributed to the migration.

Genome-wide studies:

Genome-wide analyses, which examine the entire genome rather than specific regions, provide more comprehensive insights into ancestry and migration patterns. These studies have found evidence of genetic admixture between steppe migrants and local European populations. They indicate that both male and female migrants from the steppe contributed to the genetic makeup of present-day Europeans.

It's worth noting that human populations are complex and migrations involve a dynamic interaction of diverse groups. While genetic studies provide valuable information about genetic lineages and ancestral contributions, other factors such as language, culture, and social dynamics also play crucial roles in understanding the complexities of human migrations.