While they did not have access to modern scientific instruments used to study Earth´s climate, past civilizations, including ancient Southwestern pueblo societies, did respond and adapt to past climactic events. Their adaptations often centered on changing crop cultivation, settlement location, and resource use. Today, many Native nations are playing lead roles in the study of contemporary climatic events (often in collaboration with academic science, and using a combination of their ancestral knowledges with scientific techniques in areas called "community-based adaptation") as well as contributing to local and nationwide policy discussions for environmental stewardship. While past cultural responses likely cannot directly inform a global policy on future global climatic events at current scales, modern knowledge-holders from Native nations make vital ongoing contributions to contemporary climate discussions with insights based on cultural traditions and experiences