Although there is evidence that both Denisovans and Homo sapiens inhabited the Tibetan Plateau during different periods, current research suggests that Homo sapiens were the first to establish permanent settlements in the region, potentially as early as 30,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Denisovans, an extinct hominin species closely related to Neanderthals, are known to have occupied parts of the Tibetan Plateau during the Middle Pleistocene, around 200,000-40,000 years ago. However, their presence on the plateau seems to have been more sporadic, and they likely did not establish permanent settlements there.

On the other hand, Homo sapiens have a longer history of inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau, and there is evidence of continuous human presence in the region dating back to around 30,000-40,000 years ago. During this time, Homo sapiens successfully adapted to the harsh and challenging conditions of the plateau, including the high altitude, cold temperatures, and limited resources. They developed unique strategies for survival, such as specialized tools and clothing, as well as social and cultural practices that helped them thrive in this unique environment.

Therefore, while Denisovans may have had some presence on the Tibetan Plateau, Homo sapiens are generally regarded as the first permanent settlers in the region, contributing to the development of the Tibetan civilization and culture as we know it today.