The process that converts sunlight into chemical energy in plant cells is called photosynthesis. This process takes place in organelles called chloroplasts which contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

Here's a simplified breakdown:

1. Light-dependent reactions: Sunlight is captured by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts. This energy is used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and creating energy carriers (ATP and NADPH).

2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): The energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) are used to convert carbon dioxide from the air into glucose (sugar). Glucose is a form of chemical energy that the plant can use for growth and other functions.

So, in short, chlorophyll is the primary component that converts sunlight into chemical energy in plant cells during photosynthesis.