The series of reactions that create complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth during photosynthesis is called the Calvin Cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions or the dark reactions.

Here's a breakdown:

* Light-dependent reactions: These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

* Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions): This cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and uses the ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose, a simple sugar. This glucose is then used to build more complex carbohydrates for energy and growth.

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