* Active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis, and the sodium-potassium pump all require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

* Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), requiring energy input.

* Endocytosis and exocytosis involve the engulfing or releasing of substances in membrane-bound vesicles, which also requires energy.

* The sodium-potassium pump is a specific type of active transport that uses energy to move sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane.

* Diffusion is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process is passive and does not require energy.

Let me know if you'd like more explanation on any of these processes!