* Active transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration).

* Passive transport does not require energy and substances move down their concentration gradient (from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration).

In this scenario, the sodium ions are being moved against their concentration gradient, indicating that energy is required. This energy is provided by the transport proteins.

Here's a breakdown of the key elements:

* Sodium ions: The substance being transported.

* Membrane: The barrier separating two areas.

* Transport proteins: The proteins embedded in the membrane that facilitate the movement of the sodium ions.

* Energy boost: The energy required to move the sodium ions against their concentration gradient.

Common sources of energy for active transport include:

* ATP (adenosine triphosphate): The primary energy currency of cells.

* Light energy: Used in processes like photosynthesis.

* Coupled transport: Energy from the movement of one substance down its concentration gradient is used to move another substance against its concentration gradient.

Let me know if you have any more questions!