By Chris Moore, Updated Mar 24, 2022
Alkaline and lithium batteries are the two most common types of batteries used as personal power sources. Both have different chemical compositions and voltage ranges; these differences become more significant as lithium batteries cross over into the AA and AAA market that alkaline batteries once dominated.
Alkaline batteries generate power using a zinc anode and manganese dioxide cathode, producing a nominal voltage of 1.5 V. Lithium batteries use a lithium metal or lithium‑compound anode paired with a suitable cathode, delivering about 3 V per cell. This higher voltage translates to greater energy density and longer run‑time for identical sizes.
Lithium batteries are best known for their coin‑cell form factor, powering watches, calculators, and small remote controls. In recent years, manufacturers have introduced AA and AAA lithium versions to compete directly with alkaline batteries, offering the same form factor but with twice the voltage and often a higher capacity.
Because of the higher voltage and improved energy density, lithium batteries typically last 2–3 times longer than alkaline counterparts in high‑draw devices. The extended life comes at a premium; lithium AA/AAA cells usually cost 2–3 times more than standard alkaline batteries.
Lithium batteries are not the same as lithium‑ion batteries. Unlike lithium‑ion cells, which are rechargeable, standard lithium batteries are primary cells designed for single‑use. Attempting to recharge a lithium battery can be dangerous.
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) imposes strict limits on the number of lithium batteries that can be carried on aircraft due to the risk of short‑circuiting and fire. Some states also restrict the sale of large quantities of lithium cells because of concerns over their misuse in illicit laboratories. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines and local regulations when transporting or disposing of lithium batteries.
