1. A source of electrical potential energy: This could be a battery, a generator, or even a solar panel. The source provides the "push" that drives the current.

2. A closed conducting path: This is the pathway for the current to flow. The path must be continuous, allowing electrons to move freely from the source to the load and back. Wires are common conductors.

3. A load: This is any device that uses the electrical energy to do work. Examples include light bulbs, motors, heaters, or even your computer.

Think of it like a water system:

* Source: The water pump provides pressure (potential energy)

* Closed path: The pipes form the path for the water to flow

* Load: The faucet is the load where the water is used

Without all three, electrical current won't flow.